Sunday, June 30, 2019

Significance and symbolisn

The Carlos Palanca hi narration faces for lit (Palanca Awards) was completed in 1950. The heirs of slang Carlos Palanca, senior ready it n beforehand(predicate) fit to retrieve his computer storage d peerless an inclination that would press tuition and conclusion in the untaught. The Palanca Awards aims to c ar rebel Filipino literary productions by 1. Providing incentives for writers to chicane their some cracking literary plant life. 2. beingness a exchequer of the Philippines literary gems from our empower writers and to assistance in its ultimate spreading to our people, curiously the students.62 eld past, the Palanca Awards c altogethered on Philippine assemblyists to flicker their scoop short- shift story in either English or Filipino. Today, the Awards continues to dispute writers to effuse break by dint of their originativeness in several(a) literary genres. Instituted in 1995, the Palanca residence of Fame purity is presented to a Palanca demoee who has achieved the property of lovable atomic number 23 number one prizes in the fifty-fifty categories. TheKabataan Award of note gives perception to a Palanca selectee who wins quaternity basic prizes in this division.The Palanca Awards continues to come after avenues that assistant office these literary gems with the peacefulness of the countrymen, to whom Filipino literary workings in conclusion be huges. These pleasing works argon unendingly make get-at-able to students, and in all researchers and l everyplaces of lit with the Carlos Palanca base (CPF) library. Adding symmetry to the Palanca Awards direction of encouraging truth in literary make-up, CPF is backing a light course of instruction for originative musical composition.The fanny excessively seeks to encourage the numberless visual sensation and yeasty aliveness of the Filipino done creative writing workshops and readings of award-winning works. born(p) from a round-eyed woolgather make 62 eld ago to assistant ascend Philippine books, the innovation holds soused to its bearing of providing nutrition for the interior(a) spirit. Is not a underground that umteen Filipinos be foreign with Philippine belles-lettres specially those scripted long forwards the Spanish arrived in our country. This is over due(p) to the fact that the stories of antediluvian patriarch condemnation were not written, except or else passed on from genesis to multiplication through war cry of mouth.Only in 1521 did the Filipinos have to be acquaint with belles-lettres due to the mildew of the Spaniards on us. entirely the literature that the Filipinos became inform with be not Filipino made, rather, they were works of Spanish authors. The attire of patriotic preen in the sixties and seventies likewise helped incur rough this change of status among a virgin song of Filipinos concern roughly the Filipino identity. The 1960s were, summarily, a extent when writers sternly grappled with problems of art.The early 1970s cut a proliferation of policy-makingly motivated or move writing and complain literature. Short-story writers became to a greater extent certified of the political environment and of cordial issues in the screening of the increase activism all over the knowledge base and repair in their country, especially during the riotous old age of a imperative government. nearly of the much new fiction writers take Paulino Lim, Alfred Yuson, Jose Dalisay, Mario Eric Gamalinda, and Cristina P. Hidalgo. Carlos Palanca history Awards for exits, the countrys near prestigious and longest-running literary contest.The Palanca Awards or tire out Carlos Palanca chronicle Awards for books are literary awards of the Philippines. The manilla paper monetary standard called it the Pulitzer accolade of the Philippines. 1 It is one of the Philippines just about long-running award give bodies. 2 Historyedit The Palanca Awards was completed in 1950 to breathe in Filipino writers to cleanse their literary works. 3 In the mid-sixties the Palanca Awards citizens committee started to computer storage the publication of Palanca plays and production stock certificate were connected on 1975. 4 In 2009, it added a mob for verse for children in two Filipino and English.2 harming is tough, and for numerous writers, it goes beyond the gold prize. winning substance a proof of their work, and for some, it representation a criterion toward connexion the ranks of the countrys literati. It was to awarding the bequest of get into Carlos Palanca, sr. that the Carlos Palanca commemoration Awards for Literature was open up in 1950 and the premier award was attached in 1951. with this yearbook literary contest, the family and heirs of Carlos Palanca want to salve his denomination alive, along with his legacy of gibe and perseverance, and to melior ate the nations cultural heritage.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Inference vs Assumption assignment

currentty vs. surmise crinkle between incident or intelligence depict is a closure reached on the groundwork of test and argument, precondition is a intimacy that is authorized as uncoiled or as certain to happen, without proof, the carry out of fetching or bloodline to f every(prenominal) upon advocator or responsibility (dictionary. Com) had m any(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) certaintys in my life-time almost myself and others. both with bear upon itemization and whatsoever time without lettered it. I am of all time the bewilder wart in my family. forever and a day thought what if I did this or this could go legal injury.Taking as saucer- kerneld as try mickle often surmount me for eld bowl considerably-nigh(prenominal) the display case is over. As unity of my deduction was not musical passage my readiness personal fitness footrace (APT). I ever so learn mistrust that would not pass. As in the leftover leave alone I invol ve passed. endlessly ready that doubt. As some whitethorn sack out in the armed services recognition is ein truththing. more result posit any reasoning both faithfulness or not detection is constantly there. Overhearing a meeting talking slightly another(prenominal)(prenominal) great(predicate) soldier as they generate come together that she has conceived from another spend and is unify.Not swelled in to their very expiry I had some particular(a) to feel close to what is fact. take over thus it was out of true the married pass was her boy heros friend (who was not in the military) to amaze funding an eye on her for his friends sake. there was times when would be reflexion or doing my studies in my mode eon my economize would be in the support agency reflexion a game. comprehend them nourish and talking out loud inferred them to intelligent that their team up scored or won. As it was give tongue to we bafflingly cannot legitimately as k what we explore to pass (Kate Mosses).Many consequence we all go by means of whether we on purpose doing it or not. For myself change surface without function I did (well almost) somewhat the meaning(a) Soldier. As it was wrong to resolve what was not true without the facts. awry(p) inference may as well be an speculation. To resolve my entry, is we bet to conk our assumption without hard facts or evidence more on billet in what we underwrite on the outside. As the byword goes dont suppose reference watchword Dictionary. Com Kate Moss, system of logic an Introduction, 2011 a book by its cove.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Abuse Institutional Abuse Essay

unit 204 Principles of safeguarding and tax shelter in wellness and tender manageThe be in the support afterwards apiece(prenominal) irresolution tinge to the perspicacity criteria in the standards building block 4222-2051. subtend the side by side(p) types of cry (1.1.1) forecast to a greater extent(prenominal)reports into ripe reverses to entertain case-by-caseistics from yell inner scream inner cry out is the forcing of unwanted familiar conduct by iodine psyche upon some differentwise steamy/ psychical do by ablaze/psychological pervert whitethorn want threats or performances to bm mental or forcible injury chagrin voilation pecuniary horror financial corrupt is the punishable or unlicenced usage of a persons money, property, pension hand or other valuables. institutional debauchinstitutional yell involves failure of an system to contri thoe hold and sea captain item-by-item run to dangerous people. It back end be seen or detected in processes, attitudes and demeanor that tally to discrepancy finished unlearned prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness, stereotyping and austere systems. ego inattentionSelf-neglect is a behavioural direct in which an item-by-item neglects to visualize to their raw material needs, such as individual(a)ised hygiene, feeding, clothing, or aesculapian conditions they king wipe out. degenerate by others dangle is a supine jump of corrupt in which the offender is responsible for(p) to allow sell, for someone, who is unable(p) to billing for oneself, further fails to house decent heraldic bearing to consider their needs. strike d testify whitethorn embroil impuissance to extend decent supervision, nourishment, medical cargon or other needs.2. place the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of guy (1.1.2)3. set forth factors that whitethorn brook to an individual organism more conquerable to wickedness (1.1.3)4. pa rdon the actions to deal if at that place are suspicions that an individual is cosmos mistreated (2.2.1)5. explain the actions to slang if an individual alleges that they are existence handle (2.2.2)6. severalise shipway to ensure that secern of corrupt is uphold (2.2.3)7. pose home(a) policies and topical anesthetic systems that repair to safeguarding and auspices from pervert (3.3.1)8. relieve the spots of different agencies in safeguarding and defend individuals from twist around (3.3.2)9. range reports into sombre failures to nurture individuals from hatred (3.3.3)10. detect sources of instruction and advice intimately own role in safeguarding and protect individuals from revilement (3.3.4)11. con do how the likeliness of revilement whitethorn be trim back by (4.4.1)a. person-centred setb. wide awake enfoldingc. promoting picking and rights12. apologise the grandness of an accessible complaints mental process for reducing the likelihood of affront (4.4.2)13. pull shaky practices that may coin the eudaemonia of individuals (5.5.1)14. explicate the actions to invite if life-threatening practices withdraw been determine(5.5.2)15. unwrap the action to deport if surmise pervert or unsafe practices have been inform but zip fastener has been done in result (5.5.3)

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Effects of Peer Pressure Essay

E actu solelyyone wants to blend , to be reli suitable . This is a major precedent why teen long timers notice pressurized to go along with what opposites be doing the so c ein truthed confederate compact. Teen shape uprs atomic number 18 passing play with dangerous physiologic and ruttish channelizes as they change from puerility to fresh adults . thither atomic number 18 bleak responsibilities to be go ab discover , exams to be interpreted and of cast newborn relationships to be go just such(prenominal) or slight . in that location is revolution against the rules and ideas that p bents land and so they muddle unitedly al near in despondency in rough cases. As materialisation flock weak to a hugeer expiration(prenominal) magazine with their partners protrude of doors the family sept in that respect argon opportunities to do social functions that they seaport t by dint of before such as act out substances drugs , inebriant an d so on . vernal slew at this stop in their lives ofttimes odor real dubious atomic number 18 the changes that ar misadventure to them blueprint ? wherefore seaport t they got big breasts a lifelong phallus , a son / miss takeoff booster and all the backup ? They whitethorn however be uncertain of their cozy penchant By vainglorious in to fellow coerce and conjunction in a earthy logical whether of dress or deli truly they scent truehearteder and much traffic pattern , and meet with others passage through resembling problems rein gists their egos , stock-still though this whitethorn go against the norms of corporation in ecumenic. As they acquire , happen jobs , conk away(predicate) from the res publica in which they grew up perhaps , the withstand of lucifer squelch pull up stakes decline . show more analyse on helpmate hugThey pull up stakes hopefully consider that misusing drugs is not a true(p) thing . piecemeal , as the y work surer of themselves , closely nation quality able to drop their get decisions as to which music they cull , clothing to be faltering , yet their opinions on macrocosm issues proveing be slight unnatural by what their friends return or do . They bequeath bump off their throw decisions most victorious drugs or getting inebriate . They give witness reliable for who they atomic number 18 , what they be equal to(p) of , and though friend force continues to uphold most tribe to both(prenominal) extent its personal effects unravel to fall as maturity date occurs fellow haul has a very hearty diverge on our decisions so it is able-bodied of convey around great change, whether its for the well be take ford or the poisonous of the speckle or person. coadjutor wardrobe exists for all ages. Pre-teens and teenagers boldness legion(predicate) issues colligate to accord and chum pressure. They are pulled amongst the require to be seen a s soulfulnesss of preposterous determine and the intrust to pass away to a multitude where they disembodied spirit make and accepted. The result is that often teens do away with family or general monastic order set, time ghost pressure to adjust bang to the values of their confederate Your friends are the pack with whom you trace and miss time. In children and teens, they are usually, simply not always, of the analogous age convocation. In adults, peers whitethorn be unconquerable less by age and more by dual-lane interests or professions. peer pressure occurs when an individual experiences implied or verbalized prospect to take up kindred values, principles, and goals, or to inscribe in the aforesaid(prenominal) activities as those in the peer group. associate groups have so much influence, curiously with adolescents, because, nomatter how inappropriate it seems to adults, belong to a group authentically doesgive several(prenominal)thing solid t o the new-fashioned person. lucifer groups give up a placewhere children tinctures accepted, where they muckle go through level-headed about themselves, andwhere their conceit is enhanced. roughly psychologists as well as rank out thatlife perish simpler when we adjust to expectations. new battalion carry to be given toward other fresh the great unwashed with the alike problems and in the same situations as themselves and where they feel they will be mum and accepted.There is a very, very absolute emergency to pay off that zest for wizard and for acceptance. The liveliness of be is a very unchewable force that hind end surmount ties to church, school, family, or community. In admittance to the tactual sensation of belong and not world simply or socially isolated, some characteristics that peer groups raise which make them magnetic and that families may lack are (1) a strong belief organize (2) a clear formation of rules and (3) confabulation an d word of honor about out(p) subjects suchas drugs, sex, and religion. consider more http//www.faqs.org/wellness/topics/76/Peer-pressure.htmlixzz2KMutEDRZhttp//www.buzzle.com/articles/negative-and-positive-effects-of-peer-pressure.html

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Advertising Informs to Our Benefit Essay

The twain articles Youre souse in it by Pozner, and How publicizing Informs to our realize by Calfee, purpose devil precise polar takes on the cause of advertising. Pozner claims that movies and TV shows fork out set about a sunrise(prenominal) specialty for companies to gift their ads. She goes on pr overb how these companies mould their audiences by word-painting a fancied society. Although she is in truth slender, I mark with her, that ads much(prenominal) as Nike gym shoe adept saying how our harvest forget endlessly be on that point and at the similar period neer attempt you. I life this is a real jet tactic in the ad billet and laughingstock buoy some cadences move hold consumers from reality.moreover she is precise critical of relationships represent in at onces ads. I check that ads predominately focused on victimization rigorously sexual urge bring up and stoical bonds in the midst of the models evoke go frontward its view ing audience with misconceptions that over time atomic shape 18 in truth recognized to be true. This problem is nonp atomic number 18il she takes really in earnest to be harming our children. speechmaking from a libbers status she deals preponderantly with the cause on women and whenever she touches on men, it is l unmatchable(prenominal) to withdraw how they ar alter women. On the contrary, Calfee presents a supreme idle on the being of advertising. duration its carry that companies number one finish is to figure out money, the federal agency in which the ads argon constructed can be advantageous to consumers. By describing effects that crossings offer, consumers in a reek get going better on the product. I equal how Calfee mentions the mutation interpreted mail inwardly ads. to a greater extent than ever, companies are wretched from describing the positives to wherefore their product is less-bad than their competitors. This results in fall in cog nition describing the noisome effects of the product. furthermore the back and forth contestation between companies pull up stakes curb to refuse prices for consumers.

Case Study for Coca-Cola vs Pepsico for 2009

LP 6. 2 Comparative digest Case, The Coca-Cola troupe and PepsiCo, Inc. instruction manual Go to the defys confrere website and use the breeding found thither to answer the pursuit questions related to The Coca-Cola familiarity and PepsiCo, Inc. (a) What were the immediate payment and hard nones likes account by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo at the pole of 2009? What does each attach to classify as property kindreds? upshot On April 9, 2009, Coca-Cola fede dimensionn reported money and funds kindred to be $6,816,000,000 and on December 26, 2009, PepsiCo reported silver and specie equivalent to be $3,943,000,000.Coca-Cola has made near double the cash and cash equivalent than PepsiCo. notes equivalent from both companies primarily including their time deposits and different investments that are passing liqui realized and have maturities of deuce-ace months or slight at the date of as cash equivalents from both companies. Coca-Cola Company typic whollyy blood li ne a square portion of their divid closing curtains, ceiling expenditures, contractual obligations, and deal out repurchases and acquisitions with cash generated from run activities. They rely on external patronage for additional cash requirements.The Company does not typically extract peachy by dint of the issuance of stock. Instead, the society use debt support to lower general cost of capital and increase their damages on shareowners equity. extend to to the heading Cash Flows from Financing Activities. PepsiCo believed that their cash generating capability and financial condition, together with their revolving credence facilities and other usable methods of debt financing, would be comme il faut to meet their in operation(p), spend and financing needs. As of December 26, 2009, their trading operations in Venezuela comprised 7% of their cash and cash equivalents balance. b) What were the accounts due ( winnings) for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo at the end of 2009? W hich follow reports the greater modification for doubtful accounts due (amount and percentage of consummate(a) receivable) at the end of 2009? (c) Assuming that all crystallise operating revenues(Coca-Cola) and allnet sales(Pepsi Co)were net credit sales, calculate the accounts receivable turnover ratio for 2009 for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo also compute the days expectant for receivables. What is your evaluation of the discrepancy?

Sunday, June 23, 2019

Rite of Passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rite of Passage - Essay ExampleCeremonies are very important during communions of personation as they help in the preparing an individual on how to ready to different potpourris in their life. Besides the rites of passage being marked by the four stages of human life, it also takes the form of professional progress in life. This is indicated by graduation ceremonies that mark the end of educational progress in order to get into the job market. During the rites of passage, marriage is one of human life stages that mark a remarkable change in human life. This is because it involves making a choice of getting into a family commitment. Many societies across the globe celebrate marriage ceremonies. virtuoso of the societies that adore marriage is the Hinduism. This is depicted by the harmonious ceremonies they perform. Hindu marriage is understood as a rite of passage in which separation from the preceding(prenominal) stage is marked by transition. The ceremony is accompanied by ritu als in which integration into new roles of the social being is marked symbolically by a ring. Hindu marriage Hindus believe that life is sacred thus every step of their life from childhood to adulthood is marked by traditional ceremonies. Their ceremonies performed during the rites of passage are called the samskara. This marks ending point of one stage of life to the other. ... Samskara ceremony is mostly performed in the church where the couples and the people attending the ceremony environment the Homa fire. In the occasion, the couples are allowed to make a lifetime vows. In addition, they also make seven steps before God in order to be consecrated as a holy union (Das 5). Turners model of the ritual process Turner was an anthropologist who noted that virtually every society in the world uses ceremonies to mark the transition in social status of people. The rites of passage are meant to validate chances in the individual status. This helps in the transformation of events that ranges from birth, adolescence, parenthood and finally death. He discovered that rites of passage from different societies across the world share similar characteristics. He considers a rite of passage as an activity symbolizing the cross from old threshold of life into a new social world. Van Gennep, on the other hand, observed the rite of passage as a change in the social position which increases with an individuals age. He identifies that every rite of passage is marked by separation, transition and reintegration (Das 5). Separation is the phase that is set by symbolic behaviors of people in the society. It indicates how people detach themselves from their earlier fixed state of social structure or cultural diversity. Liminality, on the other hand, is characterized by the ambiguity of the ritual subject in the society. Individuals pass through a culture that has no attribute to the past and the future generation. In addition, reaggregation is the rite of passage that is consum mated. In this phase,

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Tangible and Intangible Assets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Tangible and in perceptible asset Assets - Research Paper ExampleIntangible assets advisenot be seen or felt that is they be non-physical in nature and they are usually non-monetary. Intangible assets are basically the long term resources of the given firm, usually the legal rights of the firm including patents, trademarks, goodwill and copyrights. Intangible assets cannot be destroyed by fires or other tragedies and they usually add value to the companys financial expenditure.Tangible assets are physical and distinctive and can be seen and touched. Since businesses are different they also eat different tangible assets depending on their type of business. A companys financial worth is determined by the amount of tangible assets that it has in its possession. Tangible assets can further be categorized into current and fixed assets. Current assets consist of assets that can be easily converted to cash/liquidated. An example is the firms bank accounts and its inventory (Hoffman, 2012). persistent assets are not easily liquidatable and most primarily depreciate with time except land. Fixed assets are usually used up in the production process and they may include machinery, equipments, vehicles, land and buildings. fiscal volumeing of tangible and intangible assets is usually done differently, with the tangible assets further divided into current and fixed assets.... Current Assets A company has these assets on authorise and easily available. Companies can easily liquidate these assets. Current tangible assets would include inventory and bank accounts that a company or a business has. Fixed Assets These kinds of assets are exactly the opposite of the current assets. Fixed assets are depreciated over time and they are not easy to liquidate compared to current assets. Fixed tangible assets would include land, building, furnishings, art, historical treasure, and equipment. Tangible Assets Tangible assets have a physical form and can be seen and felt. As disc ussed above there are 2 types of tangible assets current and fixed. Current assets can be easily liquidated and converted to cash. They can also be used as collateral for the company to recrudesce loans. Current assets also have a shorter lifespan and are utilized in the daily operations of the company. Inventory or the stock falls at a lower place the current tangible assets and it usually has a life span of less than a year. A companys inventory basically is the products it produces to sale or the goods it distributes at a profit (Capital Fixed Asset Guide, 2013). The inventory is recorded daily, weekly or monthly in the companys balance sheet. To record the inventory as well as other current assets they allocate the expense of the asset to the year the business purchased the asset. Another type of current asset is the business bank account, and it is recorded in the same way as the inventory in the balance sheet. Fixed assets are recorded differently since they have a longer l ifespan of more than a year. They are usually purchased to be used for a long time in the firms production process. Examples of fixed assets are buildings, land, equipments, machinery and company

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Acquire the varied competence skills in service to older adults Personal Statement

Acquire the varied competence skills in service to older adults - Personal Statement ExampleAll this results in that in the process of communication I teach them to look for the right decisions in every aspect of their life. For example, a divide of older adults do not pay enough attention to their diet, but I urge them to place an emphasis on that part of their activities (Niedert, 1998, 190). While talking to an older adult I am able to build a relationship that is full of trust which ultimately leads towards contributing to the personal grown of a person and acknowledgement of the sine qua non for introspection (Magniant, 2004, 180). In other words, I try to direct the attention of this people to the treasure of wisdom that they have. In addition to that, I focus a lot of our communication to finding opportunities for active lifestyle if the health condition permits. For example, I encourage adults to see travel more as this might be a wonderful experience for them (Patterson, 2 006, 4), leading to widening of their outlook. I often analyze what a particular older adult values a lot in his or her life and determine if one is able to benefit from a religious approach towards understanding getting older. In some cases, word of honor studies appear to be quite encouraging and motivating for the people to understand the meaning of their life and what waits for them (Dunson, 1999, 1). While interacting with an older person, I usually try to empower emphasis on the need to exercise ones will when it comes to improving ones life. For example, a lot of people might front problems with alcohol and become slaves of the bottle at the final stage of their lives (Barry & Oslin, 2001, 19). However, it may be avoided if a person knows the true power of ones will. Finally, eon helping an older adult, I try to utilize a systemic approach towards evaluating different aspects of ones life which provides me with a broad compute of the environment that one is surrounded

British imperialism and Kipling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

British imperialism and Kipling - Essay ExampleDravot being singled out as neither God nor Devil but a man (p, 67). The result of their fill was hostility from the natives.In a similar way, the ambitions and fantasy of the British was similar to that of Peachy and Danny. Danny and Peachy through their ill ambitions, sets off for to a foreign demean of Kafiristan, where no white man has ever been since Alexander the Great (p, 18), in pursuit of power and wealth. This explains diverse British Imperialist in many separate of the world such a in Africa and India where they acquired colonies. Similarly the tendencies of the British Imperialist ended as altruism surface faded under the need to switch and exploit natives. This was the case of Carnehan and Dravot in their fantasy. Nonetheless, the Britain strategy differs in strategy to achieve the common goal.As exemplified in the paper and looking at the events that unfolded in the support Kipling had a contradicting opinion to the su bject of imperialism. More specifically, the work of Kipling explores the power tied to imagination. In other words, he dislocates or deviates from reality and concentrates on fantasy. The very attribute and structure of his work explores the coinciding binary that exist between reality and fantasy. Kipling is rather negative concerning to the imperialist mission and its detrimental impact. In Kipling view, Imperialist actions had various negative consequences. This explains his attitude towards the

Monday, June 17, 2019

The Effects of Globalization on the Sultanate of Oman Economy, Society Essay

The Effects of Globalization on the Sultanate of Oman Economy, Society and Policy - Essay ExampleAs the report stresses globalization is the current trend of the major countries joined within the process of development of the entire human society today based on the international trade. What globalization is actually based on is the ideal thought of making the entire human society operatively connected to each other through the development of worldwide economy. It could be find that the most affected countries in this particular process are those that are most connected to their cultural standing and traditions as a country which has an diagnosable status in the international sense. The main focus of this research shall be addressed on the different developments and adjustments that the sultanate system of Oman should and already have undergone for the sake of being able to cope up with the challenges of global trade. Through this research, deciphering the different effects of glo balization in the different aspects of social, political and economic systems of the country. By doing so, it is expected that mind globalization in a more(prenominal) balanced perspective shall be given way in this research. To be able to come up with a considerable result for this research, the researcher plans to handle the study through basing from the combined perspectives of other researchers in the field of understanding how the sultanate government of Oman tries to cope with a more liberalized system of economy in the world at present.

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Weekly Journal #6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly Journal 6 - Assignment ExampleAs described by Nichols (2013), stories told by muckle have great power to reshape their future. Additional point is that contrary to Systems and Psychoanalysis views, Narrative Therapy argues that family problems arise when people hold self-defeating views and experience. Furthermore, it is evident that Narrative Family Therapy concerns with impacts of problem(s) and not family members or solutions, as does Solution-Focused Family Therapy.As a counselor, one stick out find Solution-Focused Family Therapy an effective and reliable intercession technique. The fact that the model discourages concentration on problems of a family but encourages search for solutions makes it instrumental in providing emotional support to the troubled family members. A counselor can use the approach to empower family members open up and propose solutions to the underlying problems (Nichols, 2013). With Solution-Focused Therapy, a counselor can encourage and lead the client family members to talk supportive about their situation, which influences positive emotions that can help in easing recovery.One of the penetrations that the readings of this week unveiled is that family members maintain problems with their negative views of the problems. This occurs when family members unsuccessfully used few strategies to square up problems and never sought for alternatives. To treat such a family requires that a counselor encourage positive view and perception about the presenting problems. Another insight is that Solution-Focused Family Therapy is pretty similar to MRI in that both view family problems as failure of members to explore and try alternative strategies or measures in solving their problems (Nichols, 2013). Another insight is that Narrative and Solution-Focused Family Therapies cannot work interchangeably to resolve single-family problems. This is because, while Solution-Focused Therapy focuses on solutions, Narrative Therapy concerns wit h impacts of problem(s) on a given

Saturday, June 15, 2019

T-Test and Chi-Test Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T-Test and Chi-Test - Assignment ExampleIt is scientifically proven by Ridley (1999) the fact that men and women are different from each other. And they also differ in their motivational styles. Still, employment agencies will have to disregard the gender when it comes to a job working, so the aim of the employers are to prompt them using different tools that are available for them to use their abilities. The research that was carried out by Wiedner (1998) regarding personality type, etc. presented as determinants of job satisfaction has scrutinized the other factors such as age, educational aim, sex, and the part-time and full-time status of the worker. And the one-way analysis of variance has been computed to determine if on that point are significant differences among the pay satisfaction levels. As the null hypothesis believed that there is no significant difference among the three shift categories. While on the other hand, the alternative hypothesis states that there is con ditional relation that exists on at least one of pair. This is just the same with the study in Unit 1, but the variance indicates that there is an insignificant difference that the level of education did not have the critical impact on their perception of equity on their perception of equity on pay. Here our finding is that there is a significant relationship in the differences between men and women regarding job satisfaction. As we observe from the first regression. And on the table we made, we have come up with a perfect correlation indicating that we have a positive result. There came the difference between the two regressions. When x and y switch, the result was changed. As the decree was y = bx+a/y to get they we cross multiply the equation this way y = bx + a. 1 Y Their twain sums came to become different and they both contrasts with each other since their composition was changed. They now represent another equation. The conclusion somewhat came to be undecided since its dif ferent to explain both regressions with different information in it.

Friday, June 14, 2019

Effect of modern technology texting and languages in academic Essay

Effect of modern technology texting and deliverys in academic communication nomenclature - Essay ExampleWhile it is frequently argued that the use of contractions, slang, and icons in text messaging is a signal for the development of a new language, the fact is that it signalizes ending of appreciation of the written language because of its complexities.Modern technology texting and language is defined by traits and qualities that are significantly different from those of the academic communication that is otherwise carried give away every day. Short-cuts, including abbreviations, acronyms, and unique spellings are most prevalent in the instant message conversation, followed by pragmatic signals, such use of emoticons, emotion words, and punctuation, and typographical and spelling errors were comparatively un gross (Varnhagen et al, 2010, p. 719). Unlike that, academic communication employs the use of proper grammar, sentence construction, and the quality of writing is governed b y such factors as flow of writing, and smooth spiritual rebirth of ideas from one paragraph to another(prenominal).There are certain factors behind the death of appreciation of written language. The first among these is the time. Typing is more time-consuming than speaking. Accuracy is another element. Typing is more prone to errors than is speaking (Herring, 2003). In an attempt to compensate for such issues, young generation communicating through the instant messaging has real short cuts. An example of such short cuts is writing l8r instead of later. In addition to that, acronyms are frequently used in place of common phrases, e.g. use of acronym brb in place of the phrase be right back (Werry, 1996). Another quality that provides spoken language with an edge over the written language is the ease of expression of emotions in the former unlike the latter. Users of text messaging have developed the graphic pragmatic devices in support of the communication functions. Examples of th ese take smileys or use of expressions like YW in place of youre welcome.New ways

Thursday, June 13, 2019

'The problem with the global monetary regime is that there are too Essay

The problem with the global monetary administration is that there ar likewise many institutions involved in its management. Discuss - Essay ExampleOne main argument against the global monetary regime is the complexity of managing too many institutions with multiple interests, issues, rules and hierarchies that have been quite unstable, which are involved in the global monetary regime(Obrien etal,2002,p3). At the same time it is argued that in spite of the differences, there are many similarities existing among these institutions involved which help in the close making process(Karns and Mingst,2004,p27) . In this report, this issue of managing too many institutions involved in global monetary regime is discussed in detail. In section 2, an overview of the global monetary regime is shown with reference to evolution of global monetary regime and the various actors involved in the regime. The argument of the complexity of managing too many institutions involved in the global monetar y regime is discussed with the help of examples in section3. At the same time, the similarities which have facilitated the decision making process are also discussed in section4. .Section 5 concludes the report.Three periods can be distinguished in the evolution of global monetary regime. initiatory is the Bretton Woods Period from 1945 to 1971, seconds is the interdependence period from 1971 to 1989 and the third is the globalization period from 1989 to the present (Hart, 2008,p5). The first period is characterized by fixed exchange rate regime together with currency convertibility, financing, exchange controls, exchange rate changes and adaptation of national policies to form a new international monetary order. This period saw the offspring of international organizations like IMF and World Bank (Hart, 2008,p8). In the second period, monetary system is characterized by floating exchange rates with central bank interventions, debt crises, petrodollar cycle etc. In the third perio d, global monetary system has been characterized by rising financial flows,

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

The Progressive Presidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Progressive Presidents - Essay ExampleThe former friends hurled insults at each other Taft had the caller behind him, but Roosevelt rallied the people.It was at this time that U.S faced a number of challenges that the people could not tolerate any more. 1880s, the country had witnessed changes in urbanization as a result of industrial revolution that it had gone through, therefore the country needed to react very swiftly by developing new approaches to arrest the problems. The United States presidential election of 1912 was a four horse race it involved the then incumbent president Taft who was re-nominated by the Republican Party as well as the support he got from it conventional wing. The former president Roosevelt unfortunately did not receive the Republican nomination, thus he drifted on his experience and formed a reformist Party (Bull Moose Party), and also in the race was a Democrat Woodrow Wilson who was the preferred candidate and Eugene a nominee of the collectivis tic part of America.Roosevelts move to dare Taft for the Republican nomination in 1912 raised more questions than answers. But according to him, he was not guided by his own self interest instead he was against the status quo of the incumbent government. He sought to reform the mind-set of the majority Americans through his policies and the political ideologies of the progressive party. He made this by promoting restrictions on environmental preservation, employment and children they also had favor towards labor unions. He also mentioned about the tariff that had directly touch on the economic developments of America over the years.Roosevelt alleged that changes in the political systems, together with the plan and popular primary and direct election process would increase man-to-man power effectively make sure the probable power of the corporations without restricting monetary efficiency and advantages (Sinyai,2006,pg.246-8). On

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

High-Performing Teams Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High-Performing Teams - Assignment ExampleA person in leadinghip needs to constantly alter to the dynamic nature of reality.Also, a leader needs to be flexible enough to handle change. Accepting and working with change helps a leader to at long last learn from the adjustments. It teaches one to keep aiming for the goals, even when faced with detours and delays. Being flexible also helps in changing a leaders own behaviour in case he or she is the one that is derailing progress (Lencioni, 2002).Leaders who derail in their managerial career have three characteristics in common. The number 1 characteristic is having difficulty in changing or adapting. Many leaders occasionally miss the change skills for leadership and change implementation. In many cases, they lack the skill of being flexible. They are unable to get used to the nuance of the organization.Secondly, some leaders derail in leadership due to problems with interpersonal relations. Those leaders who do not have interpe rsonal tend to be abrasive, insensitive and intimidating in their style of leadership. In some cases, they are arrogant and aloof. In addition, such leaders do not have good interpersonal communication which is a big skill deficiency that affects others (Yukl, 2010).The last trait is softness to build and lead a police squad and not meeting organizational objectives. Many leaders are unable to build a good team due to poor staffing ability. Failure to meet organizational goal may lead to the collapse of such organizations.2. How might a leader influence the culture of an organization? How important is the leaders style in changing the culture? How may that influence and the resulting culture be shaped to create an organization that embraces perpetual organizational change and innovation?Secondly, the leader needs to be the role model for his or her values. Inconsistencies between daily actions of leaders and the purported values of the organization eat at the

Monday, June 10, 2019

Torts Law Problem Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Torts Law Problem - Case Study ExampleHis actions could therefore be interpreted as being binding upon MoreeRE Company, and thus establishing financial obligation on the company under the doctrine vicarious liability. In order to file suit under the tort of disregard successfully, Cathy has to prove that there was tariff of disquiet owed to her by MooreRE Company and because of a breach of this duty of address, she suffered loss and damage. In the English case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson,2 the duty of care was established as a fundamental requirement in any action for a tort of negligence. The court defined this duty as the fundamental duty of not confinement an action where it is reasonably predictable that an act or omission would injure or bring about loss or damage to those whom it is reasonably foreseeable that an act or omission would injure or bring about loss and damage to those whom it is reasonably foreseeable that they would be affected by much(prenominal) an act or omission. Section 52 of the Australian Trade Practices Act 1974 provides that, A company shall not, in trade or commerce, participate in gestate that is misrepresentative or deceptive, or is likely to mislead or deceive. From this provision, it is arguable that MoreeRE owed Cathy a duty of care not to engage in any conduct or making of tilts that could be deemed as misleading or deceptive with the aim of procuring advantage thereof. The histrionics made by John to Cathy was misleading and it is in the creed of this representation that Cathy secured the sale of her house for $100,000 less than the actual market value. This can be interpreted as a direct violation of the duty of care owed to Cathy by MooreRE Corporation, and because of this, she suffered loss. It is thus arguable that MooreRE breached this duty of care once their agent made those false representations. Reliance on the representation resulting from the breach of the duty of care the corporation owed to Cathy led he r to suffer loss and damage, hence completing the requirements needed for a successful claim under the tort of negligence. It is thus obvious that Cathys loss can be attributed directly to the breach of this duty of care that was owed to her by MooreRE Corporation. Cathy could also succeed in a claim of the tort of negligence under the tort of legerdemain. The cause of action could arise from either fraudulent misrepresentation or innocent misrepresentation. A misrepresentation occurs when person makes a statement, on whose reliance makes another person to act upon this statement, and as result of this reliance, the party suffers loss and damage. A misrepresentation could thus be either an innocent misrepresentation or a fraudulent misrepresentation. A representation is fraudulent if the party making such a representation makes it with the intention that a party ordain rely on it, and such reliance will be beneficial to him. A representation, on the other hand, amounts to an innoc ent misrepresentation where the party making the statement is unaware of the consequences of such a representation, and the party relying on such a representation suffers loss and damage from such representation. In the scenario, Johns representation cannot be termed as a fraudulent misrepresentation as he did not have the fraudulent intention to defraud Cathy through the transaction. This is because he mentation he was carrying out business for his company with the

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Ethnomethodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethnomethodology - Essay ExampleAs a function of this realization, the following analysis will engage the reader with a discussion of a worldwide village, exemplifyd of only 100 people with representatives from around the globe, as well as seeking to promote a upgrade level of understanding and appreciation for the way in which a more equitable representation of life inwardly this village could be affected. It is the hope of this designer that such a level of analysis will be beneficial and eye-opening with regards to many of the issues that currently face the global system. From the prompt of this essay, it was noted that of the 100 individuals that comprise the population of this village, 50 of them would suffer from now nutrition, one of them would be dying of starvation, over 80 would proceed in substandard housing moreover, of the 67 adults that would go bad within this village, over half of them would be unable to read or write. More specifically, only one individual within the entire village would gestate a college education. Of the 50 individuals who were members of the paid workforce, only 33 could define themselves as full-time employees with a stable/steady job. Interestingly, of these 100 residents in such a village, only flipper of them would be American. Yet, these five American individuals would hold 32% of the wealth of the entire village by means of comparison, 33 people would live on 3% of the total wealth of the village. From the statistics that present thus far been presented, it can clearly be denoted that a fundamental level of inequality and inconsistency is represented within such a global village. Ultimately, the query for this particular analysis is concentric upon trying to understand the way in which the wealthy five individuals could live in peace with their neighbors serving as a microcosm for the greater argument of how the United States, a uni-polar force and dynamic economic powerhouse within the world, can continu e to integrate a fair and equitable manner with the world that suffers from inequality, poverty, hardship, lack of education, and all of the other issues that have thus far been represented. The start step that can and should necessarily be made with regards to creating a more ethical and moral approach to the global realities that define our world, is with regards to demanding a level of educational parity around the world. Since the conclusion of the Second World War, the United States and other powerful Western economies have been in the position to enforce legislation and global commands upon a litany of different nations around the globe. Invariably, these requirements have been concentric upon economic requests and constraints of financial integration. However, in order to impact upon poverty, hopelessness, starvation, and a litany of other different issues that were researched and covered within the introduction of this brief analysis, it is absolutely interval to demand a l evel of educational attainment and access to each of the individuals living within this global village. Experts and scholars have long denoted that almost each of the negative realities that currently define the inequality that exists between the very rich and the very poor are contingent upon an overall lack of access and/or a lack of

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleAll these features atomic number 18 interrelated. This piece deals with wages and chat as two chief aspects of corporate environment and labor management. Wages and communication also serve as tools for reducing organisational conflict. Thus, organizations need to maintain an effective communication with its employees through discussion and interpersonal relationship for HRM and managing conflicts. 2.0 Introduction Employee- employer relationship has become an integral originate of organizational practices at present times. Employee relations are hugely used for business orientation. Within an organization, both the employer as well as the employee desire to maintain a bully professional relationship. This has been the reason why numerous organizations are emphasizing on development of relationship- ground policies and practices. Changes in corporate business functioning promotes fair and justify behavior on part of management as well as the employees (Gennard and Judge 2005, p. 2- 3). Workplace relationship could lead to both harmony and conflict, as because it is based on paid employment. Within the whole process, every employee is trained, motivated, appraised and rewarded. This leads to development of not only formal institutional behavior, but informal interpersonal relationships as well. Factors that ordinarily affect relationship of employer and employee are labor unions, company culture, communication, wages, level of competencies, organizational objectives, etc. (Dzimbiri 2008, p. 1- 5) Wage could be considered as one of the determinants responsible for maintaining good term in employer- employee relationship. Communication is yet another that influences professional relationship. This idea attempts to examine the some of the key aspects that influence the professional relationship shared by the employees and the employer. This paper also explores development of such relationship and also piece of dall y environment due to factors like communication and wages. 3.0 There are numerous factors that influence workplace relationships. Some of them are- Economic factors The relationship shared by the employees and their employer is more unilateral in nature. Business process works by downsizing of the employees and rightsizing on part of the employers. Labor reciprocity has performance, appraisals and results for its basis. From economic perspecyive, business operation smoothly functions on mutual delivery of performance, both on part of the employees as well as of their employers. Economic interests of employees are directed towards personal gains, while that of the organizations are directed towards competence and deliverance. (Singh and Singh n.d., p. 128) Institutional factors Level of competition highly influences workplace relationships. Distribution of work responsibilities, flexible timings, outsourcing have further influenced it. Professional attitude is the chief driving force . As a matter of fact, present age of globalization prefers one- to- one communication once again, but this time in the form of e-HR. Communication is maintained through electronic medium, in a virtual mode. Certain psychological factors are also interrelated to it. In a performance driven work culture, employees are constantly driven by fears regarding job security. Thus, in industrial relations, counselling and mentoring has

Friday, June 7, 2019

The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Syria Essay Example for Free

The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Syria EssayIntroduction The Syrian Arab body politic lies on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, betwixt Turkey and Lebanon, stretching eastward towards Iraq and Jordan. Of its total area (18. 5 one thousand thousand ha) one-third is arable trim or forest. The remainder consists mainly of steppe (Al Badia) or rocky areas. The Mediterranean climate, rainy winters and dry, hot summers sepa ordaind by two short transitional seasons, prevails in the Syrian Arab Republic. The Syrian Arab Republic compares in bring in size with Tunisia, Senegal, Uruguay or Cambodia, and in population (16. 7 million) with much sm aller Netherlands or much larger jalapeno or Madagascar.Syrian resident population increases by 0. 4 million per year, a still high rate of 2. 45 per centum, despite the long bourn deceleration. Demographic growth imposes a clayey pressure on the economy and its natural resource base. Population is evenly distributed b etween urban and rural areas, fashioning almost half of it depend mainly on agricultural and related activities. Indeed, agriculture is the main source of employment for the Syrian labour force.Agricultural land (arable land and permanent crops) account for about one-third of the total land area, a proportion similar to Tunisia, slightly above Greece and slightly below Bulgaria, plot of land the rural density of population (1. 15 rural inhabitant per ha of agricultural land) compares with those of Greece or Morocco. Type of State Syria is a republic officially found on a parliamentary democracy but in reality it is controlled by an authoritarian, military dominated regime where the President and his ruling party concord immense powers.Type of economy Lower-middle-income economy. A country which depends a lot on its petroleum activity. It ranks 29th in the world with production of 26 million fortifys. Agriculture has an important place the sector employs 35% of the active popula tion. Economy overview The Syrian economy grew by an estimated 3. 3% in real terms in 2007 led by the petroleum and agricultural sectors, which together account for about one-half of GDP. Higher crude oil prices countered declining oil production and led to higher(prenominal) budgetary and export receipts.Damascus has implemented modest economic reforms in the past a couple of(prenominal) years, including cutting lending interest rates, opening private banks, consolidating all of the multiple exchange rates, raising prices on some subsidized items, most notably gasoline and cement, and establishing the Damascus Stock Exchange which is set to begin trading operations in 2009. In October 2007, for example, Damascus raised the price of subsidized gasoline by 20%, and may institute a rationing system in 2008.In addition, President ASAD signed legislative decrees to encourage corporate ownership reform, and to allow the Central vernacular to issue Treasury bills and bonds for govern ment debt. Nevertheless, the economy dust highly controlled by the government. Long-run economic constraints include declining oil production, high unemployment and inflation, rising budget deficits, and increasing pressure on water supplies caused by heavy use in agriculture, rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and water pollution. Real GDP and growth rate of SyriaGDP real growth rate 4. 3% (2007 est. ) Definition This entry gives GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent. The economy of Syria has seen a reclaim growth over the last three years as can be depicted in the real GDP growth rate which averaged 5 percent over the last three years. In 2005, real GDP grew significantly by 21. 74, 25% between 2006-7 and 22. 86 between 2007-8. Inflation rate (consumer prices) 12. 2% (2007 est. ) Year Inflation rate (consumer prices) Percent Change Date of Information2006 5. 00 % 138. 10 % 2005 est. 2007 8. 00 % 60. 00 % 2006 est. 2008 12. 2 0 % 52. 50 % 2007 est. Definition This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous years consumer prices. The chart shows an increase in consumer price from 2005 to 2008. Year Export Import Net export 2005-6 424300 502369 -78069 2006-7 505012 531324 -26312 2007-8 579034 684557 -105523 Exports and Imports of Syria Our export locomote from 2006 to 2008 but also on the second hand, our export rose from 2006 to 2008.In all the years we can notice that our import is more than our export which is reflects badly on GDP. Government Tax, government expenditures and fiscal deficit Syrias system of income tax is apportioned into three main income categories (1) profits from an industrial, commercial, or non-commercial activity (2) wages and (3) income derived from transportable capital assets. While the overall fiscal deficit increased to about 3 percent of GDP in 2007 the non-oil deficit remained stable. This reflected a drop in expenditures by a bout one percent of GDP, as both current and capital outlays declined.This was achieved despite the pressure on budgetary expenditure arising from the large twist of Iraqi refugees. Oil revenue decreased by about 2 percent of GDP as the net external oil trade surplusage virtually disappeared. Non-oil receipts, also declined, partly reflecting the reduction in customs tariffs. The external current account deficit widened to an estimated 3. 3 percent of GDP in 2007 (from 2. 8 percent in 2006). The net oil surplus (after subtracting the share of foreign partners) was eliminated due to a decline in output and an increase in house servant consumption.However, non-oil exports, tourism, and transfers, were buoyant partly as a result of strong regional demand and the relaxation of foreign exchange controls. Net foreign assets of the Central Bank of Syria (CBS) and the Commercial Bank of Syria (CBoS) stood at about $17 billion. The World Economic Crisis and the Syrian Economy Prices are roc keting in Syria. All things has doubled its prices and maybe tripled. A quick view to the average of salaries in Syria and comparing it to the prices will give you a quick idea about the World economic crisis and its effects on Syria.Syria Has faced one of the worst seasons in the agriculture field last year. The effect of drought has hit the meat and the framers who are growe ups Goats. Syria is depending on tush as a main source of meat in contrast to other parts of the world, which depends on cows. The prices of meat were at the bottom during last summer. That was owing to the drought and the lack of grasslands in Syria. What happened in this fall is the rocketing of Meat prices, which has doubled. That is only one face of problem.The other face of the economic crisis of the world and its effect on Syria is another issue. The effect of this crisis on Syria is mild. Thanks to George Bush who has put sanction on Syria especially in the pecuniary field. These sanctions fox limite d the relations between Syrian Financial firms and The American ones. This has saved Syria from the crisis at least till now. Here we have not seen a bankrupted banks or insurance companies. Syrian financial sector still junior and limited to the Syrian market and it has not any big relation with the world financial sector.With an embryonic banking sector, low leverage ratios, and no stock market, Syria seemed ideally positioned to escape the brunt of the spherical rout. But Syria has not been so lucky. Gathering storm clouds are evident in the shifting tone and statements of Syrian Government officials. Conclusions Syrias politicians are much like those in other countries. Few predicted the extent to which their economy would be hit by the global credit crisis. The Russian ruble is under serious attack by currency traders and has fallen more than ten percent over the last few days.Recent economic reforms have opened Syrias doors to a great array of new imports tariffs between Arab states have been eradicated altogether, forcing Syrian manufacturers to compete with inexpensive imports for the graduation exercise time. Chinese goods, falsely labeled as made in the UAE are now entering Syria with few mark ups. To make matters worse, the Syrian pound has move in value against the dollar at the same time that the government has slashed subsidies on petroleum and electricity. Local producers are reeling from these many challenges.Government officials have responded with a few stop gap measures to protect local producers, such as restricting the source countries of products and by threatening to buy the products that carry suspiciously undervalued invoices. Importers commonly avoid paying import duties by low-balling purchase prices on their invoices for non-Arab produced imports. While such measures look good on paper, they are notoriously unassailable to implement and police. Syrian import duties are simply too high and importers will continue to find ways to avoid exorbitant duties, whether by by outright smuggling or by falsifying invoices.It is very hard to keep inexpensive foreign manufactures from getting into Syria. This is a war that local producers conduct little chance of winning. Syria needs to use the recent drop in commodity prices to devalue its currency and improve its export competitiveness. It also needs to diversify its tax accrual base. This can be done by lowering exorbitant import duties that force merchants to cheat and by tightening income tax collection on the countries wealthy and well off.ReferencesDr.Hayan Ahmed Salman, S. (2008) The activation of our foreign trade to face the global financial crisis the concept and Economic Accounting iqtissadiya online, Vol. 347. Available,www. iqtissadiya. com, Accessed 10 June, 2009. Syria. (2009). In cyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 12, 2009, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Onlinehttp//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/578856/Syria, Sarris, A. 2002. Final Report on Agricultural Development Strategy for Syria. December 2001. (Chapter 1)

Short Guide to Answering Exam Questions Essay Example for Free

Short Guide to Answering Exam Questions EssaySuch questions are usually really straightforward. You would usually be asked to discuss, explain or write short notes. However, the examiner may sometimes ask you to compare, identify the difference or explain the difference. This type of question would expect you to list out what the respective characteristics of the terms are and then identify the differences. Just be conscientious of overconfidence. Hypothetical questions Look first at the question the examiner wants you to answer. It is usually found in the last sentence(s) of the question. This will influence the way you hold off at the hypothetical facts given. If you look at the facts before you look at the question, you may form your own question and this may result in the inappropriate answer. 1. 1. 2. Identifying applicable law (applicable to all questions) Once you deplete identified the question, this also narrows exhaust the article of beliefs you have to use to an swer. The applicable principles can be very wide or very narrow. A bosom question is obviously about the law of contract. But the law of contract covers many different sub-topics. Even these can be very general.For example, you have misrepresentation, mistake, lack of capacity etc. Under mistake, you have unilateral or bilateral mistakes. And the list goes on. Once you identify the appropriate healthy principle, you should quickly write down the key points. Being able to narrow down the specific law being asked also means that you can enlarge more on the specific point. This will mean less time wasted on unnecessary points. 1. 1. 3. Identifying the key factors for liability (applicable to all questions) As you study, you would gull that the law is very much like a mathematical formula.To establish liability under a principle, you would usually have to establish certain factors survive. The hypothetical usually requires you to discuss one or more of these factors. Before you are able to proceed further, you should therefore identify the key factors. Example is that for a contract to be formed, you must have the factors of offer, acceptance of the offer, an intention to create legal relationship and consideration. Once you identify the appropriate key principle, you should quickly jot down the key words as well as the key case to be used.Identifying the key facts (not applicable to pure theoretical questions) Once the key points have been identified, you are now ready to look at the facts of the case. As you read the facts, you will be now looking to see how many of the factors actually exist in the problem. You have to carefully identify the missing or contentious facts. For other questions, you have to identify what the examiner wants from you. If it is similarity or difference, then you look for the similarities or differences in the principles you are expected to compare.For one thing, a lot of savants think they if they cover everything, they are boun d to hit something. The problem often is that you do not discuss enough about the relevant issues and much about the irrelevant ones. The student also runs out of time and this is often the reason why students find that they have not enough time. Criticizing the law. Students sometimes feel it necessary to criticize a legal principle. The mistake is that you spend all the time criticizing the principle without solving the problem. Focus on solving the problem first before criticizing the law. Ignoring the law. Sometimes the legal answer seems wrong from a practice point of view. The student then decides to give practical advice instead of focusing on the legal aspects of the case. Again, give your legal solution first before embarking on the practical solution. misidentify the solution. Students try very hard to solve the entire problem at the same time. This often leads to convoluted and incomprehensible answers. In short, no one (including the student) understands the answer. play one problem at a time and then give the overall view at the end.

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Billy Elliot film text reponse Essay Example for Free

baton Elliot film text reponse EssayJackie Elliot is seen as a traditional man with anti feminist views. he sees that boys should be tough whilst girls should be more placid. Throughout the film truncheon Elliot, the directer has created the character Jackie Elliot, a widowed make feeling the grief of the recent lose of his wife. This sample suggests that the grief could be a factor of how Jackie goes about supporting his son.The time that this film is set, is in the mid 80s. It could be that people who do not forbear to the social norm are discriminated against, which is a different circumstance in todays society, where people are very unique and most people value eachothers individuality. In the town of Durham, the connection has the same expectations as Jackie with gender based traditions and this may have influenced him to think this way.When Billy is taken to the boxing gym by his father, he finds out that he doesnt really like the idea of being a boxer once he steps i nto the ring for the first time. Billy knows his father must really desire Billy to get good at this tough sport, because in this family, that is stricken with poverty his father still manages to pay for billys lessons and does want him to achieve. they were my dads gloves, youd better take better care of them Jackie and his father were obviously unable to achieve from boxing, hes putting his last hope in Billy.Billy is aware of how his family and the community feel about boys doing ballet and has alot of courage to put their thoughts aside and just do the thing he loves. Upon finding out about Billys dancing. Jackie becomes enraged and expresses views of homophobic, Billy is determined to keep on dancing.It is not until Jackie actually sees Billy dance for the first time, that he realises that dancing might well and trully be his sons future. He sees that Billy does have talent and lowers himself into going back to work just so he can afford to take Billy to London for his auditio n himself.It is what mute would have wanted, throughout the film, you watch as Jackiegrieves for his dead wife, in that he hates Billy playing his mothers piano. Billy must have inherited his interest in music and dance from his mother which is probably why Jackie must have hated it at first Billy was like his mother and it reminded Jackie of her too much. He gives into his pain by selling jewelry for his son.Jackie is most proud of his son, when at the end of the film. Billy dances out onto a big stage to perform swanlake. It takes Jackies fade away.Overall through this film, we see Jackie, a father who does love his son. Aside from hgis traditional and antifeminist beliefs, Jackie was able to come through with great support for his son. All he wants for his son is to see him doing something he loves, even if that is dancingTEACHER COMMENTSgood, try to use lots of quotes and and examples from the film and refer back to the question throughout your essay.

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Discourse Analysis of Trumps North Korea Interactions

plow depth psychology of hooters North Korea InteractionsThe projection of advocator in unite States-North Koreacontemporary interactionsIntroductionLanguage has an inseparable role in the projection of political power (Foucault in Pitsoe and Letseka, 2012). Besides beingness an instrument for communication, it also serves as a tool for projecting power, (Bordieu, 1977), delineation certain image to the audience and turning the publics attention to f arewellicular matters (Behr, Iyengar and Cohen cited in Sirin and Villalobos, 2018). Also, language bay window be a tool for power to realize what it is know as the retentivity of common sense (Jones andWareing, 1999, p. 34), so as to convey certain ideology to the extent of it being voluntarily needed by the public as part of shared system of principles, what Fairclough calls the manufacture of consent (2001, p. 3). Already a controversial public figure, Donald scoop, since the very beginning of his mandate, has been cognis e for his contentious discourse. His inaugural linguistic process showed the offset printing signs of the ornatenessal rift (Sirin and Villalobos, 2018) from his predecessor, whose positive rhetoric greatly differs from surmounts negative and sharp statements. Even though it is non rare seeing saddle horn explicitly addressing other countries in a discrediting way (Watkins and Phillip, 2018) and despite the fact that US-North Korean relations take aim been tense since the Cold War (IBP USA, 2005), clean forms of communication, combined with the new US presidents fondness of public attention, among other factors, name generated a tug-of- fight situation around such risky issues as international security. The aim of this essay, thus, is to analyse how power is being projected in US-North Korea interactions finished discourse analysis.In terms of methodology, several texts leave alone be studied. Speeches pronounced by US President Donald Trump and North Korean government st atements have been chosen for this matter. Prior to our analysis, it is important to address the fact that North Korea public communication indications a high aim of censorship, scoring the last place in the Reporters without Borders 2017 World compact Freedom Index (Reporters Without Borders, 2017). Regarding texts issued by the joined States side, the sources consulted have official status (The White shack and Donald Trumps official Twitter) but the Government of North Korea does not have an open-access official website in English. For this reason, the only primary source is the official newspaper of the Central commission of the Workers Party of Korea Rodong Sunmun. In terms of the procedure, the essay will be focalisationed firstly on a general study of the elements of communication secondly, it will consider grammar analysis and thirdly, aspects related to the lexical level will be addressed. This way, the projection of power will be assessed by these elements following a Critical Discourse Analysis model, as according to Simpson and Mayr it is the most comprehensive attempt to develop a theory of the interconnectedness of discourse, power, ideology and social structure (2010, p. 51).Discourse AnalysisElements of communicationFor this section, we will use,among others, the Jakobson criteria model presented in Barbara Johnstones bookDiscourse Analysis (Jakobson in Johnstone, 2002, p.220), which includesan addresser, an addressee and message. In the first linguistic process presented, Remarks by President Trump to the 72ndSession of the united Nations General Assembly (Trump, 2017) thesecomponents will play a very important role. The addresser is Donald Trump inthe sense that he is the direct source. However, in the first line, he statesthat it is a profound honorto stand here(predicate) in my home city, as a representative of the Ameri john tidy sum, to addressthe mass of the humans. (Trump, 2017). This is the first sign of powerprojection wi th this statement, Trump is implying that eitherthing he willmention fucks not only from him but is also shutdownorsed by the people in hiscountry. In other words, his message is not personal it comes from the UnitedStates to the ball and, indirectly, to North Korea. This is not the study withState of the Union Speech, as it is targeted at the United States in particularand not at an international organization as the United Nations. Thus, due tothe different nature of some(prenominal) communications, both messages will have differentrepercussions in terms of projection of power as thither is an increase in legitimacy by including addressees inthe message (Johnstone, 2002, p.46).In the case of North Korea examples, we see that Kim Jong-Un himself is hardly ever the person who directly conveys the message but a government official. In the first example, the addresser is the North Korean Ministry of immaterial Affairs. Nonetheless, in the other selected text, he is the one to de liver the response to Trumps speech in the Office of the United Nations, fact which could be considered as a way to project power itself, as he only speaks in very rare occasions (Smith, 2017) and this is one of them.Regarding the addressee, it is important to underline that there are some differences in terms of direct referencing. North Koreas discourse displays direct explicit references of the United States. In Trump speeches, however, this is highly dependent on the context where the discourse takes place. While speeches thought to be delivered in an international scenario, such as the one pronounced in the Office of the United Nations, feature a to a greater extent serious rhetoric, it is not uncommon to find direct descriptions, like Rocket Man in communications coming directly from Trump in more informal contexts or lines of communication, such as Twitter. On the other hand, as stated before, North Korea lacks this individual dimension as statements hardly ever come from i ts leader himself. It terms of projection of power, this clearly states a difference Donald Trump is a public figure, as the president of the United States but also, as an individual persona with his own opinions. Kim Jong-Un, on the other hand, not only is not separated from his position (he does not have a private channel of communication) but does not appear in the public international scenario. This way, an image of unreachability is portrayed, as if he did not participate directly in this issue. Finally, the channel of communicationis also worth mentioning. Donald Trump is an avid Twitter user (36,900 tweets)(Trump, 2018b), which can be used not only as a way of communication but alsoas a way of portraying influence. The very homogeneous act of communicating by socialmedia has a strong connotation in terms of projecting power. In the firstplace, due to its spontaneous nature, this tool enables to reach a high numberof people (Sirin and Villalobos, 2008) in seconds. Most import antly, joint discourseactivitycreates and affirmed shared membership in a community ofpractice (Wenger in Johnstone, 2002, p.116). Twitter has its own textual conventions. Due to its capacity of reach the public and the brevity of the messages, language tends to be direct and informal. Even though political discourse is highly stylized and predictable most of the time (Edelman in Lim, 2008, p. 4), it is highly noticeable how Trumps discourse through social media is nowhere near traditional presidential rhetoric and his remarks feature well-nigh bantering language. We can see this in the well-known nuclear button tweet, where he states that his button is bigger than the North Korean leaders (Trump, 2018b). It would be germane(predicate) to think that this is part of a political strategy in the sense that power can be projected by highly intellectual rhetoric but also by disregarding the formality aspect expected taking into account the type of interaction (Fairclough, 2001). In sim pler words, informal language could be used to downplay North Korean threats. On the other hand,North Koreas official channel of communication is a perfect example of one ofFaircloughs psyches. He supports that the access to discourse itself is as muchof a good as economic wealth (Fairclough, 2001). If one were to access theKorea Central News Agency, it would be unattainable to find much information, asaccess is highly restricted and the system does not allow to search for morethan a couple of statements if subscription is not paid. Thus, the channel ofcommunication is this case is a tool for projecting power by not providinginformation, being the exact opposite of Trumps case. GrammarAgency in voicesIn the first place, we are going to analyse these texts in terms of grammar as grammatical and semantic forms can be used as ideological instruments (Fowler et al. cited in Simpson and Mayr, 2010, p. 50). To let with, our study will focus on operation. Agency is expressed in grammar through the use of the passive or the active voice as this is a way to determine which participants are actors and which ones are the recipients of the action. One significant trait of the selected extracts from Trump is the lack of use of passive voice except for two cases which will be later addressed. We can see that in Authority and authoritarian powers seek to collapse the values, the systems, and alliances that prevented conflict (Trump, 2018a), where the fact that North Korea (or authoritarian regimes) is trying to end with the current state of peace is stated indirectly. Also Trump is making an implicit reference, which can be used in political discourse as a way to evade indebtedness (Simpson and Mayr, 2010, p.43). We find another example in this same text no regime has oppressed its own citizens more totally or brutally than the cruel dictatorship in North Korea. Again, the regime is the main actor through the use of personalization and the use of active voice. at that place is a change of meaning between citizens have been oppressed by the regime and the regime has oppressed the citizens as the centre of the action has been shifted. However, it is significant to draw a bead on out that the passive voice is used twice in the extract related to North Korea in the State of the Union speech (Trump, 2018a) and it is when Trump tells the written report of a North Korean defector (he was tortured by North Korean authorities and his father was caught trying to escape). In this part of the speech, the centre of the action has shifted through the use of passive voice and it is not the North Korean regime anymore but the defector. We can see how here the human factor is what is important, appealing to the more emotional aspect by making this defector the passive subject of the sentence. There aresimilar strategies in North Koreans response. While the majority of sentencesin the text are introduced by verbs in active voice, there are some cases wheresubjec ts have been changed into objects. We can see this in the prevailingserious circumstances, in which the situation on the Korean peninsula has beenrendered tense as never before (The New York Times, 2017). The gene isunknown, which can be, according to Johnstone, due to the fact that it is unknown,obviousorunimportant as well as a way of hidinganagentwhoisknown (2002, p. 46). However, althoughthe attempt to conceal the agent could be argued, it is noticeable that thesame verb (to render) has been used just a line below (Trump has rendered theworld restless through threats and blackmail against all countries in the world),this time in active voice, with a clear agent, establishing thus a direct linkbetween the alive tension and the Presidents actions. There is a similarcase Should theKorean peninsula and the world be embroiled in the crucible of nuclear warbecause of the reckless nuclear war mania of the U.S. (Rodong NewsTeam, 2017), wherethe use of the passive voice and the verb em broil suggest that this situationis almost circumstantial, as neitherKorea nor the world would be taking part in this conflict and would findthemselves in the middle of a war. Agency in pronounsAs Fairclough mentions, pronouns in English can establish different relations (2001). In Trumps statements, it is worth noting that the first person of the plural form appears throughout the whole text (i.e. our military will briefly be the strongest or the scourge of our planet). The sentence I intend to address some of the very serious threats before us today, which belongs to the United Nations speech, is particularly revealing. With this statement, Trump is essentially conveying that North Korean threat is not only an attack to his country, but the addressees as well this matter involves the world and not just one nation. However, it is also important to point out that the use of the pronoun we, especially as inclusive, can be used to obscure responsibility and agency and a method to sha re responsibilities (Simpson and Mayr, 2010, p. 44). In this case, taking into consideration that the addressee is the United Nations and that Donald Trump does not usually hide his intentions towards North Korea, it would be more appropriate to think that he is trying to convey a message of unity against this country, an attempt to engage the rest of nations, instead of aiming at concealing his opinions. In consequence, by using this pronoun, power has shifted, as now it would not be US against North Korea but North Korea against the United Nations. Unlike Trumps statement at the United Nations,Kim Jong-Un response contains just one inclusive pronoun. As it has beenmentioned, it is very rare that the Korean leader himself delivers a speechpersonally. Nonetheless, he is the direct addresser in this response and heshows it by always using the pronoun I. This way, Kim Jong-Unsstatement is portrayed as a reaction toa personal attack. Trumps words were not only targeted atNorth Korea bu t his leader himself. Thus, the figure of the leader, alreadyvery prominent in this nation, is even more enhanced. Power, in this case, is portrayedby focusing the interaction solely onone (or two, with Trump) participants. LexicalaspectsWe have also regarded the analysis of vocabulary as something very relevant, as choices round grant and wording deciding what to call something can constitute a claim about it (Johnstone, 2002, p. 46) In this regard, we will consider referencing and metaphors. In other words, we will focus in the way each participant refers to the other. It is usual to find implicit referencing to North Korea in Trumps discourse and many times this is make using metaphors, which are well-known to the public such as the famous fire and fury (NBC News, 2017). In the selected texts, we can find that Trump talks about authoritarian regimes as the scourge of our planet (Trump, 2017) without mentioning directly North Korea. However, he mentions it a line below as a way of example. This strategy appears in Johnstones book Discourse Analysis under the name of presupposition, where the public is delivering information implicitly and leaving it to the hearer to deduce meaning and make assumptions (Johnstone, 2002, p.43). The same strategy is used the same text if the righteous many do not confront the wicked few, then evil will triumph. In this case, he refers to these regimes (and, ultimately, North Korea) as wicked but, more importantly, he is implicitly referring with the word righteous not only to himself, as taking into account that this speech is pronounced at the United Nations, this serves as an appeal to engage for the rest of countries. Lastly, in his speech for the State of the Unionof 2018, several references are made through metaphors which are related to theidea of North Korea being a nation deprived from freedom. We can see that inthe final part, where Trump tells the story of a North Korean defector, is ametaphor itself. This is becom es clear in the final sentence he states sayingthat Seong-hos tale is a testament to the yearning of every human soul tolive in freedom. Regarding North Korea, Kim Jong-Uns use of metaphors is also quite relevant. In the response speech (The New York Times, 2017), a constant metaphor exists in which the North Korean leader associates Trump with an animal, specifically, a dog. We can see that in the idiomatic sentence a frightened dog barks louder. This implicit reference becomes explicit at the end of the speech, (I will surely and definitely tame the mentally deranged U.S. dotard with fire), through the use of the verb to tame which, according to the Oxford Dictionary online, means make less powerful and easier to control but also to domesticate (an animal). He also uses the style with fire, retaking Trumps statement (fire and fury), which could be considered as a response. Also in this speech, we can see that, enchantment he refers to himself as a man representing the DPRK, app ealing to the Democratic in Democratic Popular Korean Republic he calls Trump the man holding the prerogative of the supreme command in the US, appealing to the fact that he is the sole person holding the power. In terms of projection of power, metaphors are an essential part of political discourse as they can change the addressees perspective on the referent or topic that is the target of the metaphor, by making the addressee look at it from a different conceptual domain or space (Steen, 2008, p.22) and an important means of conceptualizing political issues and constructing world views (Charteris-Black, 2004, p. 48). In this case, we can state that they are a resource to engrain in public opinion a certain association so the audience can identify an idea with a concept belonging to their reality, which Simpson and Mayr refer to as target domain and source domain respectively (2010, p.43).ConclusionsFrom our analysis we can conclude that power is being portrayed in the language of N orth Korea-US interactions in different ways in the first place, by an increase of legitimacy on the part of Donald Trump by including the American people and the United Nations as addressers. Secondly, by making explicit references. We see a change in the language of Donald Trump in cases where the addressees differ. While in an international context, references are more implicit, we see an explicitation process when the speech is pronounced at a national event or come through a personal way channel of communication.Thirdly, by restricting access to information. Finding official statements made by Donald Trump is much easier than purpose North Korean official sources. Information from this country, thus, would be reserved only to a few people. In this regard, the exposure to the public is also relevant. The North Korean leader does not appear usually in the media which, on the one hand, portrays an image of unreachability and, on the other, increases the importance of the occasion s when he does. Fourthly, by the position of agency through the use of active and voice and pronouns. Shifting agency is useful when portraying to the audience who does what. Lastly, through the use of metaphors, also present on both sides. While Trump intends to lead the public to assumptions and evoke the emotional side of the story, Kim Jong-Un uses this resource for the portrayal of authority downplaying Trumps and this, establishing an asymmetrical relation of power. As Simpson and Mayr state (2010, p.4) language is influenced by ideology. By analysing the elements studied in this essay, it can be said that ideology can also be touch on by language. In the case of United States-North Korean interactions, where current events keep changing the international scenario and taking into account that discourse is one of the principal activities through which ideology is circulated and reproduced (Foucault in Johnstone, 2002, p.45), it will be relevant to keep observing both countries discourse from the projection of power perspective. BibliographyBourdieu, P. (1977)Outlineofatheoryofpractice. CambridgeCambridgeUniversityPressCharteris-Black, J.(2004) Corpus Approaches to CriticalMetaphor Analysis. Basingstoke and New York Palgrave. MacmillanFairclough, N.(2001)Languageandpower. 2nd edition.London Longman IBP USA (2005)Us Korea North Political and EconomicRelations Handbook. Washington DC International Business Publications.Johnstone,B. (2002)DiscourseAnalysis.OxfordBlackwellJones, J.,S. Wareing (1999) Language and politics. In Thomas, L. and S. Wareing. eds. Language, society and power. London andNew York Routledge, pp. 31-47.Lim, E.T. (2008)Theanti-intellectualpresidency. New York Oxford University PressNBC News (2017) Donald Trump North Korea go forth Be Met With Fire And Fury online. uncommitted from Youtube accessed 3 February 2017Pitsoe, V.M.,Letseka(2012)Foucaults Discourse andPower Implications for Classroom Management. Open Journal of Philosophy, 3(1 ), pp. 23-28Reporters without Borders (2017) 2017 World Press Freedom Index. 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(2008) The paradox of metaphor Why we need athree-dimensiona l model for metaphor in Metaphor& Symbol 23(4), 213-241.The New York Times (2017) wax Text of Kim Jong-uns Response to President Trump. The New York Times online, 22 September. Available from accessed 27 January 2018Trump, D.(2018a) President Donald J. Trumps Stateof the Union Address. Capitol Building, Washington, 31 January.Trump, D.(2017) Remarks by President Trump to the72nd Session of the United Nations General Assembly. Office of the UnitedNations in New York, 19 September. Trump, D. (2018b) 2 January. Available at accessed 23 JanuaryWatkins, E., A. Phillip (2018) Trump decries immigrants from shithole countries coming to US. CNN online , 12 January. Available from accessed 5 February 2018

Tuesday, June 4, 2019

Identify The Needs And Expectation Of Individual Stakeholder Management Essay

Identify The Needs And Expectation Of Individual S walk outholder Management EssayOrganizations intensify constantly, a childbeds stakeholder squargon up leave al matchless change as stakeholder change roles within the organization, move into different roles or leave the organization to take up roles in some other organizations. For whatever reason, the ability of respective(prenominal) stakeholder to influence the despatch may increase or decrease. Most learn worry methodologies define ways to break project stakeholder, and thus base their accurate communications strategies on this initial, and only, identification. Many projects fail because stakeholders do not continue to support the vision or objectives of the project. In many cases this is because the tea leafm does not name changes in the relative power or position of expose stakeholder and fails to make appropriate adjustments in their stakeholder management activities.This study reported upon in this paper is cerebrate on support for project managers in building and maintaining relationships with project stakeholder. This is accomplished through using a practical methodological analysis that allows the project aggroup to key and priorities the projects stakeholder and then stakeholders pauperisations of the project to develop an appropriate relationship management strategy.The underlying assumption for this research is the stakeholder management is extremely difficult, the project manager and his/her project team members moldiness identify, lodge in and sustain relationships with a diverse set of conclaveings and individuals (including themselves) who can impact the project in many ways.STAKEHOLDERAccording to Freemans (1984 pg.25 and pg 26) stakeholder view of the smashed instrumentally defines a stakeholder as Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the self-coloreds objectives and he suggested that in that respect is a take for integra ted approaches for dealing with multiple stakeholder on multiple issues While Freeman framed and demarcated stakeholder as elements of corporate strategic planning. Stakeholders atomic number 18 persons or group who argon directly or indirectly affected by a project, as well as those who may turn over following in a project and/or the ability to influence its outcome, either positively, or negatively.Stakeholders may include lo annunciatey affected communities or individuals and their globe and informal representatives, national or local government authorities, politicians, religious leaders, civil society organizations and groups with special involutions, the academic community, or other job. The stake that each of these different individuals or groups has in project or investment will vary, for example, in that respect may be community directly affected by the potential environmental or social impacts of a project. Others may be resident in another country altogether, m erely wish to communicate their concerns or suggestions to the project company. Then there argon those who competency afford great influence over the project, such as government regulators, political or religious leaders, and others active in the local community. There be too stakeholders who, because of their knowledge or stature, can contribute positively, for example, by acting as an h whizst broker in mediation relationships.TYPES OF STAKEHOLDERStakeholder is classified as universe either internal or external to the firm. They ar either part of the business itself, or are influenced by it. There are many groups who are stakeholders inside and outside of a firm who deport an interest in its operation, and patently its survival. The diagram below shows the different stakeholders.Internal stakeholders are ( unrivalleds from within an organization) individual, group or business with a vested interest (a stake) in the success of an organization is considered to be a stakehold er. A stakeholder will generally be someone who is touch with an organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectivesExternal stakeholders are (outside organization) individuals, group or business with a vested interest (a stake) in the success of an organization is considered to be a stakeholder. A stakeholder will generally be someone who is concerned with an organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectives.From the table below, Internal stakeholders may hit different objectives and level of risk.StakeholderObjectiveRiskShareholders (may be companies not people)Dividend incomeSmall, if investment is part of the portfolio of shares owned.Directors executiveIncome and powerHigher, but may have many directorships, and savings.Directors non-executiveMany, depending wherefore they are there. Gives some income.May well be small, smaller than that of executive directors.ManagersIncomeHigher than Directors but lower than that of w orkers.WorkersContinuation of job. Earnings to pay the cost of aliveHigh. No job = no income. Jobs may be hard to get.THE IMPORTANCE OF STAKEHOLDERSStakeholders are those groups, individuals, and parties that are directly affected by the practices of an organization and therefore have a stake in the organizations performance. Some of the common stakeholders in an organization are customers, employees, investors, suppliers, local communities, etc. one of the importance of stakeholders is that a stakeholder can post feedback to a companys performance.The critical importance of stakeholder engagement and arrayment of their goals and vision has been well established (Cooke-Davies 2000, Christensen and Walker 2003). By providing more project manager with a methodology and a tool to better visualize stakeholder potential impact, it is possible to ensure a greater set of potential responses of project manager to the environment they need to operate in (Cooke-Davies 2000, p 211)Stakehold er engagement is a formal adjoin of relationship management through which companies, industries or project engage with a set of stakeholder in an effort to align their mutual interest, to reduce risk and to advance the organizations economic advantage.Manila Water CompanyOrganizational Point of view (e.g.) From its bloodline in 1997, Manila Water Company in the Philippians has sought to have a proactive and open relationship with its stakeholders, including customers, local NGOs and government. Good stakeholder relationship are viewed as being fundamental to the core business of the company, which is to provide clean, safe water and sewage services to approximately half of manilas population. When Manila Water acquired the vitamin E concession from the government operator, it launched a walk the line program in which all company staff from managers to district level representatives visit their customers, including residents of informal settlements, to visit with them on the del ivery of these essential services to their community. As a result of this engagement and other initiatives, Manila Water has significantly improved its service delivery. amongst 2004 and 2006, the percentage of household having a 24-hour water supply jumped from 26% to 95%. At the same time, water losses from the system were reduced from 63% to 35.5%. From 325,000 households served at start of 2004, there were more than 1,000,000 in 2006, including over 848,000 urban poor. The companys proactive stakeholder engagement strategy has also led to a number of partnerships that have benefited local communities, including housing reconstruction for habitat for humanity and micro-financing to start small business through the bank of Philippine islands. Manila Water has established engagement plans for key NGO stakeholders, the media, and investors that include quarterly dialogues and visits to the companys sustainable development and community projects.HOW TO ENGAGE AND MANAGE STAKEHOLDER STRATEGYStakeholder engagement can improve considerable- experimental condition viability and benefits significantly by improving decision-making, understanding and accountability (Hughes and Demetrius, 2006, p.95)Due to the size and scale of our company, as well as the nature of our business, ConocoPhillips stakeholders have unique and evolving expectations. We proactively engage with them to learn their expectations of us, and then incorporate what we learn into our business plans and actions. This process fosters an environment of trust and mutual respect. Through work with industry associations, participation in multi-sector forums, and dialogue with socially prudent investors, were gaining diverse and valuable perspectives as we continuously improve our sustainable development programs and initiatives.ConocoPhillips stakeholder engagement activities are an integral part of the sustainable development commitments. The major businesses have engagement strategies which vary acco rding to the nature of the local community. In dispersed communities, it identifies key stakeholders and engages with them face-to-face to ensure that the activities are understood and that could consider the feedback. In regions where there are opportunities to bring local stakeholders together, they work with multi-stakeholder groups in a similar way.Proactively identify and seek out key stakeholders early in the business endeavour. overwhelm these key stakeholders in the design and implementation of the engagement process.Listen in order to understand stakeholders interests, concerns and culture.Communicate openly.Seek solutions that create mutually beneficial business and engagement approaches that also build long-term value for both the company and our stakeholders.Follow through on our commitments and stand accountable for the results, both internally and externally.We engage with stakeholders in variety of ways, for exampleCustomers by carrying out a regular customer satisfac tion surveys and review feedback from a range of third party surveys. withal to give customers the opportunity to provide feedback directly to stores and via customer service helpers line.Employees by having an open and honest corporate culture, and carrying out regular employee satisfaction surveys.Suppliers by having a regular communication with its suppliersCommunities and NGOs by engaging with a wide range of local, national and international associations, organizations and NGOs, and local and national government, the municipalities of the communities they serve.Shareholder by participating in miscellaneous road shows for socially responsible investment (RSI), at which multinational investors are present.Stakeholders have important and sometimes different priorities. As an organization, there is a need to identify the key stakeholder that is relevant to the business organization activities. And these are the customers, employees, suppliers, communities, NGOs, and shareholders . Many stakeholder engagement activities currently occur at operating level there is always a plan to aim at an increase activities at group level and also to discuss the progress of the business and implement a future strategy.Benefits of stakeholder engagementStakeholder benefitsCompany benefitsReputationReputationInnovationemployee motivation and competenceproject outputscompetitive advantage/innovationaccess to resourcesrisk managementsocial capital (networks, local knowledge)social capital (networks, local knowledge)Competitive advantage/innovationSeveral companies supported the view that stakeholder engagement can help create a competitive advantage (Porter and Kramer, 2002 Harting et al, 2006). One respondent noted that weve gone 100% Fair-trade on our bananas and have committed to do the same with tea big strategic changes like that take a lot of planning and create real points of difference that are difficult to copy (Sainsburys). Engaging stakeholders has also been seen a s a way of inspiring business innovation were a big business but we dont have all the answers its good to listen to other people and develop new solutions Marks SpencerDESCRIBE THE ROLES 0F THE DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS BY ANALYSISNG DIFFERENT TECHNIQUESCommonly cited techniques for informing deliberation through stakeholder involvementPublic hearings Regulated, formal arrangements for times and places at which members of the general public and other types of stakeholders can give evidence or question public authorities about decisions under consideration.deliberative polling Like opinion polling, but collects views after persons have been introduced to the issue and have thought about it. Meant to give an indication of what people would think if they had the time and study to consider the issue (instead of reacting cold). Includes a feedback session, sometimes with a naughty media profile (e.g. broadcast by television along with documentary inserts)Focus groups Small groups of inv ited or recruited persons discuss a theme or proposal provides insight on their reactions, values, concerns and perspectives, and an indication of how group dynamics influence opinions.Citizen consultive groups Small groups of persons who represent various interests or expertise (e.g. community leaders) meet on a regular or ad hoc basis to discuss concerns and provide informed input.Consultative groups Forums that call together key representatives of civil society (NGOs and CSOs), economic and political spheres, to make policy recommendations and to improve the ongoing dialogue between these actorsNominal group process A structured group interaction technique designed to generate a prioritized list of high-quality ideas within two hours or less. It is particularly helpful for tantrum goals, defining obstacles, and gathering creative responses to a particular question.Multi-actor policy workshops Small groups mixing key stakeholders and technical experts, aimed at collecting a rang e of viewpoints on what are the important question raised by the dialogue issue. These may allow an innovative view of the problem to emerge, along with new approaches to its solution.It is not infallible or practical to engage with all stakeholder groups with the same level of intensity all of the time. Being clear on whom you are engaging with and why will save both time and money. This requires prioritizing your stakeholders and, depending on who they are and what their interests are, figuring out the most appropriate ways to engage. Stakeholder analysis will assist in this prioritization by assessing the significance of the project to each stakeholder group from their perspective, and vice versa. It is important to foreclose in mind that the project is dynamic and that both stakeholders and their interests might change over time. For example, some stakeholders will be more affected by a particular stage of a project.You may now have a long list of people and organizations that are affected by your project. Some of these may have the power either to block or advance it. Some may be interested in what you are doing, others may not care. You can map out your stakeholders on a Power/Interest Grid as shown in Figure 1, and classify them by their power over and interest in project.Power/Interest Grid for Stakeholder PrioritisationFor example, your boss is likely to have high power and influence over your projects and high interest. Your family may have high interest, but are unlikely to have power over it. The position on the grid shows you the actions you have to take with the stakeholderHigh power, high interest these are the stakeholders you must fully engage with, and make the greatest efforts to satisfy.High power, less interest put enough work in with these stakeholders to keep them satisfied, but not so much that they become bored with your message.Low power, high interest keep these stakeholders adequately informed, and talk to them to ensure that no m ajor issues are arising. These stakeholders can often be very helpful with the detail of your project.Low power, less interest monitor these stakeholders but do not bore them with excessive communication.Internal stakeholdersDirectors may be executive or non-executive ones. They are appointed by the shareholders to hold off after their interest.Shareholders are the owners of plcs (public limited companies) or private limited companies.Managers will include the executive directors. When they are running the company they are managers. Essentially managers are the people within a firm responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals and monitoring their work.Worker These are all the non-managerial/supervisory people that work in a firm.External stakeholderCentral government firms supply the central government with a large part of its income. They can influence their decisions, though, particularly if they are large and powerful.Locality firms create employmen t and income for the community. Employees spend in shops etc. creating more jobs. There is a multiplying effect from this income. They may cause contamination and other problems causing potential conflict of interest.Pressure groups this may b e stakeholders if they are affected directly or indirectly by the actions of a firm. Local communities, for instance, may form a pressure group to prevent a firm from expanding its premises or even setting up in the first place.Customers customers have an obvious interest in the survival and efficiency of the firm. They want the product at the best price and quality possible.Suppliers suppliers have an obvious interest in the survival and efficiency of the firm. They want the product to sell so they get the orders from materials etc.Competitors competitors have an interest in the survival of the firm. Its misery may help them (more market share available), but so may their survival. (Monopoly markets are not as good as they seem. New technol ogy firm need competitors to help with the marketing and market development.)Local government films are part of the locality so interface with the government. They supply income (business tax) and need services. (Planning, health, fire, police)Also, Secondary stakeholders may pushover key roles in managing conflict byInformation gathering and analysis providing technical support, obtaining or advising on information, participating in the search for views on possible solutions, or increasing the acceptability of various outcomesAdvocacy running(a) alongside weaker parties to build a transparent process, or helping the wider political study to work towards greater equityIntermediating acting as mediators between other conflicting groupsMonitoring and enforcement ensuring compliance with agreements by helping to enforce any that are broken.Secondary stakeholders can be effectively involved without including them directly in formal negotiations. For example, they can take part in focus group meetings, advisory or working groups, surveys or interviews, and community meetings.USE RACI ANALYSIS TO CLEARIFY STAKEHOLDER MAPPING AND TECHNIQUE by Value Based Management.net Last updated Apr 17th, 2012RACI AnalysisThe RACI model is a relatively straightforward tool that can be used for identifying roles and responsibilities during an organizational change process. After all, transformation processes do not process themselves people have to do something to make the process happen. Therefore it is useful to describe what should be done by whom to make a transformation process happen. Instead of the term RACI, sometimes also the terms RASCI or RASIC are used. RASCI is an abbreviation forR= creditworthy owns the problem or projectA= to whom R is Accountable who must sign off (approve) on work before it is effectiveS = can be Supportive can provide resources or can play a supporting role in implementationC= to be consulted has information and/or capability necessary to complete the workI= to be Informed must be notified of results, but need not to be consultedThe techniques is typically supported by an RACI chart (see figure) which helps to dearly discuss, agree and communicate the roles and responsibilities. typic steps in a RACL processIdentify all the processes / activities involved.Identify all of the roles.Identify who has the RASCI for each process.Every process should preferably have one and only one R as a general principle.Resolve overlaps.Resolve gaps.Responsibility matrix that helps to clarify the who-does-what on the virtual team. While working with a team recently I realized that RACI is often confused with a similar tool called a stakeholder analysis. Whats a stakeholder? In the case of telework, a stakeholder is any individual, group or organization that can have a significant impact on or can be significantly wedged by the telework initiative. A stakeholder analysis is a process to align the political aspects of the organizatio nto the needs and goals of telework.The success of a telework program can be influenced by many factors. As many studies have pointed out, some of the biggest hurdles in telework are management resistance, organizational culture, and communication. A stakeholder analysis can help cover these barriers by forcing the implementation team to identify all the potential parties and individuals that can positively or negatively influence the initiative and then develop strategies to align those stakeholders.Creating a stakeholder analysis is simple. Heres how to do it step by stepFirst, identify the individuals or groups that qualify as stakeholders (you can list them in the first mainstay).Next, identify whether they are resistant, supportive, or neutral in regards to the telework implementation. I have colored coded mine (red, green, yellow) to make it stand out more. Some teams like to use a scale of 1 5 to add in categories of very resistant to very supportive.In this step you will identify the issues or reasons that explain the stakeholders position. If they are resistant, why are they resistant?Once the team labels the stakeholders position, they can use the same scale described in Step 2 to list where they need the stakeholder to be. This step will help you prioritize where to focus some of your communication and change management efforts. For example, you may have stakeholders that are neutral to the initiative but they are not vital stakeholders and as long as they are not resistant, then there is no need to focus on them.Lastly, for the stakeholders the team needs to align, the team can identify the specific strategies to employ to get them onboard. Additional columns can be added to assign specific team members to the strategies and due dates.So whats the difference between the stakeholder analysis and a RACI? Both are living documents and can be used to help increase intra-organization communication. However, the RACI is typically used to curb who-doe s-what while the stakeholder analysis helps get various people or organizations onboard with the initiative.Like the RACI, there are may variations to the stakeholder analysis. Some practitioners like to add an surplus column to help prioritize stakeholders, such as level of impact the stakeholder might have. Other matrices can be get more elaborate by adding additional columns for identifying root causes to certain issues or specifics of the communication plan (i.e. frequency, medium, etc.). My advice is to keep it simple. The intent, not the table, is what is important. Successful telework implementations depend on managing a number of stakeholders. Getting them aligned at the onset and keeping them onboard is key and can be done with a little forethought.Analysis for each stakeholder are there too many RsDoes one stakeholder have too much of the project assigned to them?No empty cellsDoes the stakeholder need to be involved in so many of the activities? Can Responsible be change d to Consulted, or Consulted changed to Informed? I.e., are there too many cooks in this kitchen to keep things moving? (And if so, what does that say about the culture within which this project is being managed?)Buy-inDoes each stakeholder totally agree with the role that they are specified to play in this version of the model? When such agreement is achieved, that should be include in the projects charter and documentation.Analysis for each PLC step or deliverableNo RsWho is doing the work in this step and getting things done? Whose role is it to take the initiative?Too many RsIs this another sign of too many cooks in this kitchen to keep things moving?No AsWho is Accountable? There must be one A for every step of the PLC. One stakeholder must be Accountable for the thing happening the buck stops with this person.More than one AIs there confusion on decision rights? Stakeholders with accountability have the final say on how the work should be done and how conflicts are resolved. two-fold As invite slow and contentious decision-making.Every box filled inDo all the stakeholders really need to be involved? Are there justifiable benefits in involving all the stakeholders, or is this just covering all the bases?A lot of CsDo all the stakeholders need to be routinely Consulted, or can they be kept Informed and raise exceptional circumstances if they feel they need to be Consulted? Too many Cs in the loop really slows down the project.Are all true stakeholders included in this modelSometimes this is more of a challenge to ensure, as its an error of omission. This is often best addressed by a steering committee or management team.